This figure shows the risk of prostate cancer by PSA level and by whether or not the digital rectal examination (DRE) is abnormal (DRE+ for abnormal, DRE- for normal, for information on the DRE click here) or there is a family history of prostate cancer in the father, brother or son (FAM+ for there is a family history, FAM- if no family history). The figure assumes there is no previous diagnosis of prostate cancer and no previous prostate biopsy performed. If there has been a previous biopsy negative for prostate cancer then the risk is slightly less than that shown on the figure. No risk estimate is 100% accurate. The vertical bars show how uncertain the risk is at each point; the risk falls within the ends of the vertical bars with 95% certainty.

This figure shows the risk of high-grade prostate cancer, defined as Gleason grade ≥ 7, by PSA level and by whether or not the digital rectal examination (DRE) is abnormal (DRE+ for abnormal, DRE- for normal, for information on the DRE click here) or there is a family history of prostate cancer in the father, brother or son (FAM+ for there is a family history, FAM- if no family history). The figure assumes Caucasian race, there is no previous diagnosis of prostate cancer and no previous prostate biopsy performed. If there has been a previous biopsy negative for prostate cancer then the risk is slightly less than taht shown on the figure. For an African-American the risk may be slightly higher than that shown on the figure. No risk estimate is 100% accurate. The vertical bars show how uncertain the risk is at each point; the risk falls within the ends of the vertical bars with 95% certainty.